Mendel Genetics Using Brassica Rapa Research Paper

Mendel Genetics Using Brassica Rapa - Research Paper Example Through the analysis, the theory that the nearness of purple color is predominant and the quality keeps Mendelian laws will be tried. Through investigation of the exploratory information gathered uncovering the predominance of the purple stem attribute and a writing audit of subjective and quantitative information, the outcome will be dissected to decide whether the theorized expectation that the phenotypical proportion of 3:1 is set up, as per the Mendelian laws. ... Materials and Method To direct this investigation, heterozygous P Brassica rapa seeds were planted on the very first moment and developed in 28 by 55 centimeter plastic pots in a counterfeit soil compound of an equivalent blend of peat greenery and vermiculite and watered with refined water on ordinary spans (6). The plants were developed at a controlled temperature of 32?C under standard enlightenment from fluorescent lights (7). The seeds, gardening soil, and grower were the materials utilized for this segment of the test. The genotype of the parent plants utilized was F1, Non-Purple Stem, and Hairless. One parental plant was genuine rearing and green and the other parental plant was genuine reproducing and purple. When the seedlings started to grow on the fourth or fifth day, the quantities of purple and green stem phenotype was recorded. The plants started to bloom between days nine and eleven and were cross pollinated on day fourteen. Seed pods started to show up on day twenty-o ne, so, all in all they will be gathered and developed in a similar way as the parent plants. The quantity of purple and green stem phenotypes will be considered as a part of the F1 age to find out whether they follow the Mandelian standards. The seeds will show up over the ground and will be gathered, distributed, and tallied by the quantity of all out seeds that sprout and the stem shade of the seeds that grow. Results Figure 1 Section 001 Table # 1 # Germinated Seeds Purple Phenotypes Green Phenotypes 1 63 51 10 2 99 78 5 3 90 74 5 4 80 56 16 5 74 58 3 6 39 25 10 Total 445 342 49 Figure 2 Section 002 Table # 2 # Germinated Seeds Purple Phenotypes Green Phenotypes 1 172 140 28 2

Social Problem Solutions - What Should You Do When Students Write About Social Problems?

Social Problem Solutions - What Should You Do When Students Write About Social Problems?Many students, and some professors as well, view Social Problem Solving essay topics as something very different from the types of essay topics they used to have. For a long time, teachers of all sorts have recognized the value of setting students writing projects on important social problems. Of course, students can always ask their instructors for guidance on these topics. But as time has gone by, the amount of guidance students are provided has decreased significantly.The best thing for instructors to do is let students be the writers in their classes. Students should be allowed to use what they know about specific problems to help solve them. They shouldn't feel constrained by how many students will be reading their essays. We also need to be sensitive to the fact that students have already done this kind of work in their daily lives. They may not be 100% accurate when it comes to explaining t heir situation, but they are also far better at brainstorming than we are.We should realize that the main point of an essay about social problem solutions is to make sure that every student has his or her own experience to tell. They will be using words and ideas that have come from their own experiences, so we need to encourage them to be as honest as possible.Perhaps the most common way students attempt to solve a particular social problem is to 'reverse engineer' the problem so that they can then find a solution in the engineering process. I believe this is the most successful approach, particularly if the students are able to get a good sense of the underlying problem. It's like trying to describe a car engine by seeing the exhaust out the back window, but it's much more effective in a large lecture room.Students will often be forced to deal with a variety of social problems throughout their lives. Some of them we'll never really know what to do with, but the rest we'll find abs olutely fascinating. Why not take advantage of the interest students have in working on social problems? Then, we can provide a forum for them to explore them.Let's say you're the teacher of a class on a particular social problem. Rather than attempting to describe the problem in detail in the context of a lecture, why not make the topic part of the assignment itself? You can do this by providing a definition of the problem, by having students write an essay that uses that definition, or by having them come up with a solution based on what they know about the problem.As students gain experience with their sociological theory, they'll be more comfortable applying it in real life situations. But until then, they can use the information they've learned to solve their own problems. I suspect that students will be far more creative once they're forced to use what they know to solve their own problems. After all, they probably have an idea for solving a particular social problem.One of th e reasons I'm now suggesting that students use social problem solutions as an assignment is because I believe that students will be far more excited about the subject than students who never get to write about it. I'm certainly not against lecturing. I believe in the importance of the subject. However, we need to be sensitive to the fact that there is a lot of written material on the topic, so let students use their own skills and ideas to help solve the problems.

Voting Rates of the American Poor :: Politics

In The Working Poor, David Shipler reports that in the 2000 presidential political race just 38 percent of Americans with earnings under $10,000 casted a ballot contrasted with 75 percent of those with salaries over $75,000. (278) These sorts of insights are not constrained to 2000. In the six races from 1980 to 2000, the normal voter turnout of individuals in the base fifth of the pay quintiles was 53 percent, while the top fifth found the middle value of more than 80 percent (â€Å"Election Results†). For the base fifth, the normal family pay was under $11,500 during every political decision year. The top fifth found the middle value of a salary near $118,000 (DeNavas-Walt, et al.). The 2004 political decision was the same with 55 percent of the votes cast by individuals with wages of $50,000 and up. That implies over portion of the votes cast were by a gathering that controls 70 percent of the nation’s riches. In each political race since 1964, when these measurements were first recorded, the South has had a lower voter turnout than the other three significant areas. The South has additionally reliably had the most noteworthy neediness pace of the four areas. By and large, there is a twenty-five to thirty rate point hole between the turnouts of the most reduced and most elevated salary quintiles in the US (Cevrantes and Gluckman). Despite the fact that it is clear the poor for the most part don’t vote, the explanations behind this are not all that unmistakable. Training is by all accounts greatest factor. Under 40 percent of residents without a secondary school degree casted a ballot in the 2000 political race, contrasted and a 80 percent turnout for those with a propelled degree. The rates ascend with more training. An association with neediness can be drawn while thinking about that more than 13 percent of laborers without a secondary school degree are in destitution, contrasted and just around 1 percent of laborers with a higher education. It ought to be noticed these insights concern just laborers, and not the jobless. As a United States enumeration report noted, â€Å"Those with a secondary school instruction or less were more probable than those with more instruction to react that they were not intrigued by the political race or felt their vote would not make a difference.† Much more noteworthy among the poor than the inclination that their vote won't have any kind of effect is the inclination their vote may not be tallied. Cases of casting a ballot anomalies, valid or not, regularly keep the poor away from the surveys. An enormous coalition of poor Americans disappoint themselves out of the dread of being disappointed. With a mentality that their vote will simply be eradicated subsequent to leaving, the poor maintain a strategic distance from Casting a ballot Rates of the American Poor :: Politics In The Working Poor, David Shipler reports that in the 2000 presidential political decision just 38 percent of Americans with wages under $10,000 casted a ballot contrasted with 75 percent of those with earnings over $75,000. (278) These sorts of measurements are not constrained to 2000. In the six decisions from 1980 to 2000, the normal voter turnout of individuals in the base fifth of the salary quintiles was 53 percent, while the top fifth arrived at the midpoint of more than 80 percent (â€Å"Election Results†). For the base fifth, the normal family unit salary was under $11,500 during every political decision year. The top fifth found the middle value of a pay near $118,000 (DeNavas-Walt, et al.). The 2004 political race was the same with 55 percent of the votes cast by individuals with earnings of $50,000 and up. That implies over portion of the votes cast were by a gathering that controls 70 percent of the nation’s riches. In each political decision since 1964, when these insights were first recorded, the South has had a lower voter turnout than the other three significant locales. The South has likewise reliably had the most elevated neediness pace of the four districts. By and large, there is a twenty-five to thirty rate point hole between the turnouts of the most reduced and most elevated pay quintiles in the US (Cevrantes and Gluckman). Despite the fact that it is clear the poor by and large don’t vote, the explanations behind this are not all that reasonable. Training is by all accounts greatest factor. Under 40 percent of residents without a secondary school degree casted a ballot in the 2000 political decision, contrasted and a 80 percent turnout for those with a propelled degree. The rates ascend with more instruction. An association with neediness can be drawn while thinking about that more than 13 percent of laborers without a secondary school degree are in neediness, contrasted and just around 1 percent of laborers with an advanced education. It ought to be noticed these measurements concern just specialists, and not the jobless. As a United States evaluation report noted, â€Å"Those with a secondary school training or less were more probable than those with more instruction to react that they were not intrigued by the political race or felt their vote would not make a difference.† Much more critical among the poor than the inclination that their vote won't have any kind of effect is the inclination their vote may not be tallied. Cases of casting a ballot inconsistencies, valid or not, frequently keep the poor away from the surveys. A huge coalition of poor Americans disappoint themselves out of the dread of being disappointed. With an attitude that their vote will simply be deleted in the wake of leaving, the poor keep away from

Cell Phone Advertisement - 763 Words

Cell phones nowadays have become symbol of independence – for our youth that mobile phone helps them to develop their own language and social groups away from the prying eyes of their parents. It has become Status Symbol or what people say Fashion statement – It is a way that people wear their phone in a style, color, cost and features and feel that a phone can enhance their looks. Although mobile phones have long been a part of the business community, they are quietly becoming entrenched in personal lives. Cell phones play a crucial role in relationships among a group of young people, Mobile phones also influence the trend toward relaxing the traditional amount of contact permitted before marriage. Cell phone is also in the use of people†¦show more content†¦Whole night they spent in useless, ungraceful conversation it’s all beyond morals. The immature generation has become addicted to avail these kind a packages. These kind portable platform providers are taking away our youth from family/Cultural/Traditional/Religious values, they don’t even care about their health though they know how these RF radiation would be harmful as for as continuous use is concerned. The Cellular Companies should make some standards so they can provide such services which can be of use to make the youths future bright and should consider the social impact before announcing any such service, they should offer some M-Learning (Mobile Learning) services they are behind the race of announcing free night packages, low rates for one special number. No doubt most of the parents are equally responsible for this attitude in our new generation, in previous era what kind of environment we have had at homes —-sitting together in TV-Lounges , One time/place to sit and eat together no friends/outings in late night, but this fast life where people are to avail luxurious lifestyle parents themselves arrange separate rooms equipped with individual TV, personal Computer with high speed Internet connection and a latest model of any famous brand of Mobile handset though its of no use to them at around certain age , yup parents are equally responsible they should be responsible they should keep eye on their children’s activities, what kind a friendsShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Texting And Driving1368 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation. 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Advertisers use certain â€Å"Emotional Appeals† on advertisements; to captivate and provoke a sudden impulse on the consumer to buy the product. The sole purpose of this essay is to prove that advertisements do manipulate people. This is an advertisement of a piece of garment, but not just any garment it is a reviling swim suit from Michael Michael Kors. In the advertisement there is a slim, long legged woman wearing the swim suit; the settingRead MoreA Short Note On Integrated Marketing Communication : Samsung Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts such as washing machine, television, mobile phones, laptops et cetera. In the present period Samsung has its finished focus on its cell phones that is most honorable item in the business and with the headway of innovation the brand has differentiated its item scope of cell phone from the lavish ones to the moderate value ran PDAs.(Wikipedia, n.d.). The organization has made it simple for everybody on the planet to bear the cost of their cell phones and is a brand recognized as brilliant brand thatRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthis increase in obese youths. A possible contributing factor is food advertisements that contain poor-nutrient food and are targeted at children. Children and adolescents are constantly exposed to various advertisements on a daily basis. Many studies have suggested that there would be an overall reduction in obesity and overweight rates with the ban or reduction of nutrient-poor food advertisements. The combination of advertisements of poor food choices, with increased technology use, along with lessRead MoreWar Between Cell Phone Carriers860 Words   |  4 PagesWar Between Cell Phone Carriers Most adults, teens, and even children all around the world have cell phones. Technology has become a large part of our lives, especially in regards to the social aspect. Just walking down a street, there are a countless number of people on their phones. Most of the phones we see have a phone company’s brand name on it, such as ATT and Verizon. These kinds of companies like to make commercials about how their company is better than the others in order to gain consumers

The Life Of Princess Diana - 2231 Words

When people think of Princess Diana, some remember the beautiful impression she made on the world through her charity and humanitarian work. Others may remember her because of her tragic death. The life of Princess Diana was not at all what people thought. Throughout her life, she faced hardships and personal issues, most of which were not noticed in the public eye. Her life was not bright and happy all the time. She faced a rough life hidden behind her smile. Diana Frances Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 in Sandringham, England. She was born to the parents of John Spencer and Frances Spencer, also known as Viscount and Viscountess Althorp. Born Princess Diana, she was the youngest of four children. She had two older sisters, Sarah, born†¦show more content†¦However, Lady Diana took an interest in music and dancing. This interest never became a passion that she strongly pursued, but she did find another passion. Lady Diana discovered that she loved kids. She moved to London after attending finishing school at Institut Alpin Videmanette for a term. Soon after, she started to work around and with children. For a short time, she had a job babysitting an American child (The British Monarchy). Not long after that, Lady Diana became a kindergarten teacher at Young England School (Bio). Throughout her life, Diana was surrounded by royalty. She was reported to have played with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward when her family was renting Queen Elizabeth II’s estate, Park House. Diana was reacquainted in 1977 with Prince Charles, older brother of Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. Prince Charles was thirteen years older than Lady Diana. At the time, Prince Charles was dating Diana’s older sister, Lady Sarah. During this time, it was said that the woman Princes Charles can marry has to fulfill the following criteria: she should be a member of the Church of England, she should come from some aristocratic background, and she must be a virgin. Lady Diana matched this criteria (â€Å"Princess Diana†). During the summer of 1980, Prince Charles was invited to be a guest at a country weekend. Here, Lady Diana watched him while he played polo with other aristocratic men. ShortlyShow MoreRelatedLife Span Development Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesLife Span Development and Personality Paper Rebecca Barney PSY/300 July 26, 2010 Dr. Theresa Watts LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONALITY PAPER The famous person I choose to write about from the 20th or 21st Century is Princess Diana. I have conducted a large amount of research on Princess Diana and have found what forces have influenced her life from the viewpoint of developmental psychology. Influences of Heredity and Environment Princess Diana was born on July 1, 1961 to parents EdwardRead MorePrincess Diana Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout her life all eyes were always on Princess Diana. 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In order to reveal the truth of Princess Diana’s death, an eighteen months investigation that involved 30 police officers, 6,000 pages of evidences and 200 witnesses was taken in both England and France (The)Read MoreLife Span Development and Personality Paper Psy3001451 Words   |  6 PagesLife Span Development and Personality Paper Princess Diana of Wales Melanie Gruber PSY/300 May 7, 2011 Professor Bell Life Span Development and Personality Paper: Princess Diana of Wales This paper will discuss the life span development and personality of Princess Diana of Wales. I could not think of a better person to speak of when it comes to an influential figure from the 20th century. 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Mystical Madonna in the Pinks A Raphael in Doubt Essay

Madonna in the Pinks, whose existence cannot be substantiated before 1833 , was not identified as an autograph painting of Raphael until 1991, after an acquisition made by the National Gallery in London by using public funds. However, the authenticity of the rediscovered painting attributed to Raphael remains under some dispute. Apart from the incomplete provenance, it demonstrated visual inconsistency in style and quality with other proved works of Raphael, supplemented with the incomprehensive scientific re-verification that the current attribution of the masterpiece-to-be perhaps still needs to be viewed with skepticism. By comparison to the identified paintings of Raphael, discrepancies can be spotted from both clothing of Virgin Mary†¦show more content†¦It seems that the crowded picture is atypical for Raphael even of paintings in similar indoor setting such as the Bridgewater Madonna (fig. 4) and Madonna de Orleans (fig. 5) Stylistic concern is not the only argument that objects the painting’s attribution to Raphael, but also the inferior quality in the rendition of Mary and Christ. Observations of Beck suggest that Mary’s hair looks confusing and unsolved , while the underdrawing revealed by IR investigation shows a clearer representation of the braids that possibly the painter-in-question became more â€Å"exclusive on this own during the painting stage that he dropped the refinement of her hair† stemming from mimicking Raphael’s painting when drafting. Furthermore, the current depiction conveys a sense of obfuscation in posing of Mary’s right thigh compared to Small Cowper Madonna (fig. 2) or the Bridgewater Madonna (fig.4), with statically drawn Infant balancing difficultly on the invisible leg of Mary . It is inexplicable that the engravings (fig. 6 and 7) after the painting look more convincing that they have complemented the unnaturalness of the original. It is claimed by the National Gallery that the use of pigments in Madonna in the Pinks coincides Raphael’s common choice of pigment in other paintings and they also postulated the painting to be a study of Leonardo’s Benois Madonna (fig. 8) However, the identification of

Community Development Theory and Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Community Development Theory and Practices. Answer: Introduction The following essay is prepared to basically get a clear idea of the community development theory and practices. The essay has aimed to verify the role of the NGOs and the INGOs regarding the different aid programs that they undertake to facilitate the community as a whole. The NGOs are the Nongovernmental organizations which are basically involved in different welfare activities that are aimed at benefiting the lower strata of the society. The activities may involve providing relief during times of distress, undertaking healthcare programs like polio vaccination, TB vaccination or engaging in relief operations and last but not the least in any sense organizing and mobilizing funds for the development of the community. The NGOs have a clear role in coordination, collaboration and bridging the communication gap between the different individuals of the community (Bennett 2014). Some of the main tasks of NGOs, INGOs and donors are; Completition of the Charity-Mission- The non governmental bodies as mentioned helps a targeted sector of economy which includes healthcare, education, assisting different self help groups and many others as such. Large NGOs can also provide different loans which can be beneficial for the growth of the company. Communication and Relationship- Development of the communities help to increase communication and relationship between the different people of the community. Communication helps to understand the connection to make fundraising or donation in the targeted areas. The NGOs also act as a mediator to solve any rural problems. Voice to the government- The institutions provides a database of the problems of the villagers and the population of the other rural areas to the government in details. This helps in the proper communication between the government and the NGOs and helps to allocate and mobilize the development funds easily (Islam 2017). Initiate New Technology- The following institutions can use the latest technologies to improve the conditions of the4 people who are in real need. The organizations can also appoint experts in their ranks who may be engaged in the training and development of the different natives. Characteristics of NGO Intervention The aid should be managed in a proper and efficient way to better achieve the greater development impact. In the year 2000 the leaders of the world made a series of historic commitments at the UN Millennium Summit (Bennett 2014). The leaders took the pledge of assisting each other and working together in a fixed structure to manage the dehumanizing conditions that people face in underdeveloped regions of the world. The member nations agreed to make the following program a reality by the year 2015 and the primary task of this developmental process was assigned to the developing countries while on the other hand the donor countries or the developed countries with a negligible amount of poverty and other problems were assigned to play a supportive role to develop the condition of the former countries. The main aim of such a project was to increase the aid effectiveness (Amin 2014). Within the different sectors that an NGO it is quite possible to determine the different NGO activities. The main aim of the NGOs has been to fill the gaps that has been taking on the activities of the provisions in the community where government intervention has been very less or the provisions which does not seems to be a priority for the government. The organizations face a lot of difficulties in working in rural areas either because of the failure to mobilize the funds properly or the extreme conditions that exist in these areas. The main aim of the NGOs is to make sure that these areas receive a basic transformation to change the extreme condition of the lives of the population residing in these areas. There are some common problems that the NGOs faces while they try to ensure sustainability, this happens mainly because NGO actions are regional and in most of the cases are implemented on a local basis. Many such projects have earlier failed the test of times as because there has been absence of capacity development. NGOs and Changing Aid Agenda The supply side of the international aid community is pre dominated by a selected group of players globally. Some of them are the aids provided by the government of the developed countries, World Bank and the United Nations (Molenaers et al. 2015). The aid allocation decisions include different types of self interested motivations like opening up of international markets. The aid decisions by the government are clearly based on public opinions. There are political dimensions to the implementation of aid through large scale bilateral and multilateral bureaucracies. The rise of the NGOs has thus helped to address problems in the sector related to the traditional aid supply. In the beginning the individuals or some foundations directly donates the NGOs and address their preferences for specific aid projects like in times of distress or like donating money for a social cause (Seeberg et al. 2017). The NGOs must be accountable to the populations who are actively contributed resources and the people for whom the NGOs work for. The smaller organizational structure of the NGOs involves smaller costs of bureaucracy and increases the need of greater efficiency to use the funds that have been donated in a much better way. In the developing countries foreign aid plays a major role in the developmental process of the country. As mentioned earlier the developed countries sends fund to the developing and underdeveloped countries to develop their infrastructure and use this funds for the development of the backward class of people facing extreme forms of poverty (Amin 2014). The government of the latter countries or the underdeveloped or developing countries grants or allocates the fund to the different NGOs and INGOs to mobilize them for the welfare of the poor people. Generally foreign aid forms a vital portion of the funds that are mobilized by the NGOs of a country. A study conducted on such parameters has suggested that the use of different foreign aids has seen a great push in the last 10 years. A popular example can be taken out from a recent example. After the devastating earthquake of Nepal funds poured in from almost every country and every NGOs. The funds were mobilized to restructure the whole of Nepal and help the distressed people who practically lost everything after such a major disaster. Importance of NGOs in realizing International Goals The NGOs as mentioned earlier holds the key to the success of different international development projects that are undertaken by the local Government (Brandl 2015). It is practically impossible for the government to reach out to every places that needs attention in the areas of concern. On the other hand it is of utmost importance of reaching out to the places to mobilize the funds for the development of the region (Steinwand 2015). The NGOs help the government in these times as they take all the responsibilities from the shoulders of the government and visits the places and the people which is completely or partially absent from the reach of the government. The NGOs not only visits the places they are involved in a detailed research of the place along with the collection of some vital information regarding the place and the population. The collection of this particular information helps to make understand the issues of the people living here, the infrastructural push that needs to be provided in the region and the problems that are associated in this particular region. The problems that are identified by the organizations are shared with the government and the government allocates the fund on the basis of the report. The organizations in turn mobilize the fund in the regions and try to eradicate the problems of the particular region. Therefore the NGO have the main responsibility to build a bridge between the needy and the distressed community and the government (Bebbington et al. 2013). Aid Policies The government has formulated a number of different policies for controlling the aids received from the different sources. The policies are formulated taking into considerations a number of different factors that helps to maintain a uninterrupted flow of aids into the country for development purposes (Mawdsley et al. 2014). Once the government receives the funds from the foreign sources or donors they calls for a meeting to analyze and determine the amount of aids needed by people or a community or help needed in a particular region. After the determination of the funding structure the main task of the government is to allocate the proper amount of funds as the resources to the different organizations. Just after this the NGOs are there to mobilize the funds in a proper and efficient manner for the development of the area or the population. Paradigm of Capacity Development Capacity Development has been attracting more and more attention in the background of ever changing aid structure. NGOs have developed the abilities for themselves to have an impact of capacity development of state institutions (Fee and McGrath-Champ 2017). The recent transformation of the donor policies in the recent times has made it mandatory for the governments and the institutions to change their policies for being sustainable. Capacity development also faces serious grievances as it raises the question on who should be involved in what and their duties. Within the education sector, the knowledge of the NGOs in the realm of education. Such knowledge proves to be particularly valuable to meet the current challenges of the following sector. Challenges of NGOs The aims and objectives of the nongovernmental organizations totally depends on the specific issues, areas and the mission on which they work. The NGOs perform lots of activities from involving themselves in relief operations, involving themselves in education sector or providing relief for the poverty stricken people in different areas or improving the living infrastructure of a particular community. The main aim of the organization is to make sure that the funds allocated by the government are utilized in an efficient manner. The main challenges of the different NGOs while the utilization of funds is; Absence of Strategic Planning- The absence of strategic planning is a long standing because that causes hindrance to the operations of the different NGOs (Steinwand 2015). The lack of a cohesive strategic plan does not help the cause of the cause of the organization as because it lacks the purpose of achieving results in any specific missions. Poor governance and networking- The absence of proper governance is very much common in modern day NGOs. It is very much important to have a proper governance as because such a governance model helps in the proper functioning of the operations in the NGO. Governance is very much essential for the foundational to transparency (Mawdsley et al. 2014). On the other hand networking is a major challenge for all these firms and there has been a reputation among the NGOs to have a disorganized networking structure. The inability of the organization to learn from experiences costs the organization in the long run as it hampers the sustainability of the organization. International Non Governmental organization around the NGOs must communicate with each other to achieve positive results in global projects. Most of the NGOs do not maximize the use of the current technologies to communicate and facilitatemanagement in a better and organized way. Lack of Communication- As mentioned in the earlier point the lack of effective communication has been a vital backlog for the proper functioning of the NGOs and the proper aid restructuring. The aid that reaches out to the people can be only structured if there is a proper communication between the different stakeholders involved in the NGO project (Smillie et al. 2013). The effective communication structure helps the organization to make the best of the projects. Therefore communication must be kept intact from both sides to make sure that the developmental aid allocated to the company is successfully implemented. Effective communication must be established globally with every organization that are involved directly or indirectly with the developmental process. Development Approaches- The development approaches are formulated by the government and the officials of the NGOs in a proper way that determines the best path for the success of the different developmental programs (Islam 2017). The main problems that the organization faces are to properly structurize the total system. The NGOs face hurdles when they try to provide the best services and empower people on different activities. Conclusion The following essay has identified the different elements related to the aids provided by the NGOs. After a through revision of the total essay the readers will be updated with different information regarding the works of NGOs and the fund allocation system of the organizations. The aims of the essay have been overall achieved in the essay as because all the necessary elements as well as the main points have been clearly discussed in the project. The capacity development program of NGOs has been clearly highlighted in this essay. References Bennett, J., 2014.Meeting needs: NGO coordination in practice. Routledge. Fee, A. and McGrath-Champ, S., 2017. The role of human resources in protecting expatriates: Insights from the international aid and development sector.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,28(14), pp.1960-1985. Amin, S., 2014. Aid for development. InSamir Amin(pp. 125-137). Springer International Publishing. Steinwand, M.C., 2015. Compete or coordinate? Aid fragmentation and lead donorship.International Organization,69(2), pp.443-472. Smillie, I., Helmich, H., Randel, J. and German, T. eds., 2013.Stakeholders: Government-NGO partnerships for international development. Routledge. Mawdsley, E., Savage, L. and Kim, S.M., 2014. A post?aid world'? Paradigm shift in foreign aid and development cooperation at the 2011 Busan High Level Forum.The Geographical Journal,180(1), pp.27-38. Smith, B.H., 2014.More than altruism: The politics of private foreign aid. Princeton University Press. Islam, M.R., 2017. Non-governmental organizations and community development in Bangladesh.International Social Work,60(2), pp.479-493. Bebbington, A.J., Hickey, S. and Mitlin, D.C. eds., 2013.Can NGOs make a difference?: the challenge of development alternatives. Zed Books Ltd.. Hushie, M., 2016. Public-non-governmental organisation partnerships for health: an exploratory study with case studies from recent Ghanaian experience.BMC public health,16(1), p.963. Molenaers, N., Gagiano, A. and Renard, R., 2015. The Quest for Aid Complementarity: Reforming Co?operation between Nordic+ Donors and NGOs.Development Policy Review,33(3), pp.325-354. Koch, D.J. and Schulpen, L., 2017. An exploration of individual-level wage effects of foreign aid in developing countries.Evaluation and Program Planning. Finger, M. and Princen, T., 2013.Environmental NGOs in world politics: Linking the local and the global. Routledge. Kim, Y., 2016. How NGOs influence US foreign aid allocations.Foreign Policy Analysis,13(1), pp.112-132. Seeberg, V., Baily, S., Khan, A., Ross, H., Wang, Y., Shah, P. and Wang, L., 2017. Frictions that activate change: dynamics of global to local non-governmental organizations for female education and empowerment in China, India, and Pakistan.Asia Pacific Journal of Education,37(2), pp.232-247. Brandl, S., 2015. In what way does isomorphism caused by western donors influence effectiveness of non-governmental organizations in Africa?. Ranjha, A.N., Kelly, T. and Simpson, M., 2015. Practices of the Community Development Projects towards NGOs in Punjab Province, Pakistan.Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS),35(1). Desai, V., 2014. NGO-Govemment Relationships in South Asia.South Asia in a Globalising World: A Reconstructed Regional Geography, (3), p.144.

Outsourcings Benefits in Management

Table of Contents Introduction Overview of Outsourcing Reasons for Outsourcing Levels of Outsourcing The Benefits of Outsourcing Conclusion Reference List Introduction Outsourcing is the act of transferring some of an organization’s recurring internal activities and decision rights to outside providers, as set forth in a contract. Because the activities are recurring and a contract is used, outsourcing goes beyond the use of consultants. In other words, outsourcing can be defined as the process of shifting tasks and services previously performed in-house to outside vendors. As a matter of practice, not only are the activities transferred, but the factors of production and decision rights often are, too.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Factors of production are the resources that make the activities occur and include p eople, facilities, equipment, technology, and other assets. On the other hand, decision rights are the responsibilities for making decisions over certain elements of the activities transferred. This paper looks at the reasons why most organizations outsource and the growth of outsourcing from the tradition to modern organizations. It also looks at the different levels of outsourcing and concludes by giving some of the benefits of outsourcing. Overview of Outsourcing Outsourcing is a management practice that has been going on for many centuries. However, it has gained popularity in the recent past and organizations are attempting to think about it as a new practice. It has certainly changed in shape and has taken a different form, although the concept remains the same. Although primitive prehistoric villagers would not have understood some terms like core competencies, outsourcing, and increase in productivity, the benefits were real and it is these that lie at the heart of many of t he modern arguments referring to outsourcing. Modern organizations are nurtured by the outgrowth in division of labor meaning that organizations employ different individuals with different skills, competencies, and attributes. These individuals are hired to perform specific functions in the organization (Manning et al 2008). In the last century, few organizations had attempted to do everything themselves. There were always some products and services that came from outside suppliers and were never made in-house, and the boundaries between the two were flexible. Many diverse firms engage in intensive outsourcing. As outsourcing continues to grow in importance, its nature and focus is evolving. In the past, it is only the manufacturing industries that engaged in outsourcing but it has now been accepted in almost all industries including the service industry. It has also become a cross-national and global concept; for instance, it is estimated that about 40% of the entire automobile pro duced in North America came from the US, and much of this offshore supply is outsourced (Brown Wilson, 2005). The nature of outsourcing is diverse. Some firms now outsource core production activities so extensively that they no longer engage in production, as traditionally understood.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Inbound and outbound logistics are being extensively outsourced also. Some firms are extensively outsourcing secondary value-chain activities such as information technology, accounting systems, distribution, and aspects of human resources. Despite its increasing importance, many firms do not have a clear understanding of the benefits and costs part of its destiny in the hands of other firms that are seeking to maximize their profits. Thus, while outsourcing is often described as an alliance, the contracting parties inevitably have conflicting interests. The strategic objectives of outsourcing that decision makers should seek are to maximize the net benefits of outsourcing relative to the in-house provision of value-chain activities. In practice, this can often be simplified to minimizing the total costs of any given quantity and quality of outsourced good or activity. However, costs must be viewed comprehensively. Costs consist of expenditures for the good itself and the costs associated with governing the outsourced transaction. This raises a number of fundamental questions relating to governance costs (Noreen et al 2011). Reasons for Outsourcing There are many reasons why organizations choose to outsource other than rely on the resources available within them. One of such reasons is to enhance effectiveness by focusing on what one can do best. Other organizations outsource in order to increase flexibility so as to meet changing business conditions, demand for products or services, and advanced technologies. Other reasons include but are not limited to the following: Transform the organization Customer satisfaction and increasing the value of products as well as of the shareholders Improve management and control (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Acquire innovative ideas Improvement of operations Reduce investments in assets Gain market access and business opportunities through the provider’s network Expand production capacity and sales volume Reduce costs and increase benefits (Noreen et al 2011). Employee career development Increase commitment and energy in non-core areas Levels of Outsourcing There are different levels of outsourcing which occurs in different levels of activities. Most of the common levels are individual, functional, and process. Individual outsourcing involves moving specific positions out of the organization. This could be the management position of a poorly performing function or a technical position, such as, an intelligent analyst or an auditor. These positions are difficult to fill when turnover occurs and therefore it is advisable to outsource before an organization is able to find the appropriate person to fill such as a post. Individual outsourcing occurs when a person fails to perform the activities assigned to him at the desired performance level, or according to the organization’s expectation (Manning et al 2008). Almost all organizations are structured on a basis of functional cost with specialized knowledge and key responsibilities. Processes can be defined as the flow of products or services within an organization. A single process is generated by linking similar activities to create an output that satisfies a customer’s needs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Processes defer from one organization to the other and it is upon each organization to determine its own processes. There are many contractors in the world who earn their income through outsourcing. IBM is one of these contractors that have been doing well in the business of outsourcing. In 2003 IBM decided to outsource its expertise to Visteon an auto parts manufacturer. This contract was estimated to earn the company over two billion dollars in a period of ten years (Hechlinger, 2003). The Benefits of Outsourcing Some of the benefits expected from outsourcing by investors include the following: 1. Creation of value for shareholders 2. Reduction of production costs by taking advantage of external supplier’s lower costs 3. Improvement of the quality of input by purchasing some superior capability from external supplier If a firm could easily imitate the cost or capability advantage of outside suppliers, it could produce the activity in-house. The acquisition of superior capabilities can also be thought of in cost-saving terms. However, it is usual in the business strategy literature to analyze each activity on the value chain in terms of the firm’s ability to lower cost or to improve quality. The contractor or supplier also benefits from outsourcing in terms of increased revenue, which he can use to diversify his activities. For instance, in the case of IBM and Visteon contract, IBM was expected to make large sums of money and also become a widely known contractor (Hechlinger, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To ensure that outsourcing is a cost-effective strategy, the costs of outsourcing must be compared to the costs of internal production of the activity. Production costs are those directly generated by the opportunity costs of the resources used to produce the good. There are a number of production cost rationales for outsourcing. The most basic is that internal production of the activity entails production at levels that are too low to be efficient, that is, to achieve minimum efficient scale. Many goods and services for which the organization has low unit demand exhibit significant cost lumpiness (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Just as a supplier can bring services to a locale within ones country, it can also bring one to new markets on other continents because of its global locations. The more places in the world a company can provide such presence the more opportunities one has to grow his global customer base. When considering a potential outsourcing in hopes of advancing into new mark ets, one has to make to determine the cost benefits of such endeavors. An estimate of potential revenue that would be received in the new capabilities has to be made and such estimate has to be reasonable. The estimated revenue has to be compared to the prices from suppliers in order to determine whether the new capabilities are cost effective. If a particular company is interested in going global, it has to look for suppliers who have the capabilities to take the company there. In order for the company to compete in the global market, it has to be available globally. Some facility labor relations conditions permit the use of in-house mechanics that are not bound by trade or craft union jurisdictional lines in performing operations and maintenance work. Contractors by and large, follow trade and craft union jurisdictional lines, hired by contractors are not better than those recruited for the facility’s in-house workforce. They lack the specific experience that the regular em ployees acquire in time at the facility, but they often compensate for this by bringing a greater breadth of experience to the job (Noreen et al 2011). Conclusion This paper has given a brief overview of outsourcing; what is meant by the term outsourcing, its growth, and how modern organizations are relying on outsourcing for most of their operations. It has also looked at the different levels of outsourcing and the good about this process to both the organization and the contractor. Outsourcing can deliver significant economies of scale by using standardized procedures and leading edge technology. Suppliers can perform finance and administration functions far more cheaply and efficiently than companies working on their own. This could include reduction in working capital, improvements in tax efficiency, and avoidance of capital expenditure. The services are also provided at an agreed cost which should also lead to a more accurate prediction of costs, and therefore more accurate bud getary control. A specialist provider can bring best practice and new investment in resources. Outsourcing financial operations can encourage business to be more innovative and focused on value creation. Reference List Barrar, P. Gervais, R. (2006). Global Outsourcing Strategies: An International Reference on Effective Outsourcing Relationships. Burlington: Gower Publishing Ltd. Brown D. Wilson S. (2005). The Black Book of Outsourcing: How to Manage The Changes, Challenges, And Opportunities. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Hechlinger, J. (2003, February 12). IBM Gets $2 Billion Outsourcing Job — Most Computer Operations Of Visteon To Be Taken Over As It Diversifies From Ford. The Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), B3. Manning et al. (2008). A Dynamic Perspective on Next-Generation Off shoring: The Global Sourcing of Science and Engineering Talent Academy of Management Perspectives 22.3: 35-54. Noreen, E. W., Brewer, P. B., Garrison R. H. (2011). Managerial Accounting f or Managers (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. This research paper on Outsourcing’s Benefits in Management was written and submitted by user Artur0 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Consultant and Client Communication Strategies

Consultant and Client Communication Strategies Businesses depend heavily on consultants who are useful in carrying out technical problems or tasks that arise in an organization. Consultants are usually specialists with skills, experience and knowledge used to drive a particular business activity. They oversee the implementation of a business activity that the organisation was unable to carry out or lacked the expertise and the manpower.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Consultant and Client Communication Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategic planning is part of change and consultants are seen as the drivers of change in organisations. In general, consultants provide solutions to manage problems by carrying out operations towards a specific function. The report is based on the marketing department that has sought consultancy in coming up with a strategy that seeks a new market for its products. The report develops strategies that can be use d to develop effective client relationships with the marketing department. It also gives the importance of having an effective client and consultant relationships. Lastly, it provides supporting research on how client consulting relationships can be maintained. Strategies for developing effective client and consultant relationships Effective client and consultant relationships are usually developed through various strategies. Close interaction and communication between the parties bonds the relationship. This builds trust, transparency, and emotional confidence among other attributes which are necessary in building effective communication. The bond that is build on trust based on communication is lasts longer as both the client and the consultant feel free around each other and are more likely to be more open. Providing the best solution and responding quickly when a problem arises deepens the relationship between the two parties. This has been supported by LaBonte and Necessary (20 07) who note that relationships are build on the value and commitment a consultant brings and has in ensuring the client’s business succeeds. This kind of strategy can be adopted to ensure an effective clients-consultant relationship is developed and maintained. Socializing with the clients outside the office which is a more open space deepens the relationships. This can be realised through dinner arrangements or attending of social functions where the client and the consultant interact. However, when using this kind of strategy it is advisable to be aware of the policies that guide the client as far as gifting and entertainment is concerned.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because some companies have laws and ethical policies that prohibit gifts and dinners or they have limitations on the two. This way the consultant becomes aware and does not end up crossing boundaries that may jeopardize the relationship. Importance of an effective client and consultant relationship Client and consultant relationship is the association that exists between the client and the consultant (Briggs, 2010).The success of an operation that an organisation is seeking consultancy on, depends on the relationship quality that exists between the consultant and the business unit. This is achieved through proper open communication and understanding between the parties involved. According to Kubr and International Labour office (2002) the success depends on client and the consultants and they should be aware of the factors that may have effect on their relationship so as to avoid any errors that may occur in the process and jeopardize the working of the two. If the relationship between the client and the consultant is not effective, then the goals of the consulting would not be achieved in first place. Wrangles and costs are reduced if the cli ents and consultants involved collaborate and work together with an understanding. This benefits both the client and the consultants as the parties can achieve their goals. Effective relationship builds the emotional confidence and trust between the client and the consultant. This increases the rate at which the consultant can effectively use their expertise to come up with the solution being sought. For example, a client and consultant relationship that is not based on trust and emotional confidence has the likelihood of not being effectively executed. However, if the trust and emotional confidence levels are high, then a vehicle that determines future decisions that the consultant may make regarding the solutions to particular issue is realised. The relationship establishes a credibility that benefits the consultants and the clients (LaBonte Necessary, 2007). This is because the client is able to get the required services from the consultant thus strengthening the business throug h the offered expertise. The consultant gets a job and executes it well improving the functionality of the company as well as restoring the reputation. Because of the good service offered the consultant can be recommended to do the same or related task to the same company or another. Lastly, the survival of consulting firms depends on the interaction between the client and the consultant (Briggs, 2010). This means that a consultant has to play great role in ensuring that clients remain faithful and loyal. However, the relationship is mutually shared by the two parties.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Consultant and Client Communication Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supporting research on managing client consulting relationships Managing the relationship between client and consultant is not always easy (Kabur International labour Office, 2002). Proper interactions and communications manage cli ent consulting relationships. By being result oriented manages the consulting relations. This is supported by a case study between the city of Winnipeg and Deloitte. By making the operations applications effective, efficient, and a success, the management of the City of Winnipeg praised the success terming the work as excellent (Briggs, 2010). From the case study it is clear that Deloitte was able to understand the environment, get committed and collaborate ensuring that the assignment was a success. This kind of relationships that results to success indicates how client consulting relationships can be managed. If the client had another job, the probability of giving it to Deloitte remains high because of the good work the company did. By overcoming the challenges that City of Winnipeg faced and working with style based on open communication, a closer manageable relationship between the two parties was achieved (Briggs, 2010). This encouraged the upkeep of client consulting relation ship. In conclusion, consultants are important and their expertise, skills, knowledge, skills and experience are important in problem solving or strategic planning. The relationship that exists between the client and consultant can be developed through open communication and interaction. Building trust and confidence also ensures that the relationship develops effectively. A consultant can deepen and develop a relationship through socialization process with the clients. It can also be achieved by bringing value and being committed to the success of the company. The relationship between client and consultant is important because it ensures the success of the company. It also builds trust and confidence between the two parties as well as reducing extra costs. Lastly, it makes sure that both the client and consultant are credible in their field. The consulting relationship can be managed through commitment, learning the environment and collaborating with the client.Advertising Looking for research paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Biggs, D. (2010). Management consulting: A guide for students. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. LaBonte, T., Necessary, M. (2007). Stand firm in quest for true data. 52-53. Web. Kubr, M., International Labour Office. (2002). Management consulting: A guide to the profession. Geneva: ILO.

Paradise Lost by John Milton term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Paradise Lost by John Milton term paper - Essay Example venge over this, Satan or the Lucifer, in other words, decided to bring the downfall of man by making them to eat the forbidden fruit in the Paradise or the Garden of Eden. Consequently, one may have the temptation not to believe in Christianity by basing on the reason on what could make God allow Serpent to revenge on His creation (God) if He truly loved them. The story of the Paradise begins from hell where both the Lucifer and his followers recover from the defeat after losing the battle initially in the war they had with God. For example, they constructed a monument that they referred to the Pandemonium where they were weighing the options of making a return to battle or just to forfeit it by accepting the defeat. Consequently, they also had the considerations of exploring the new world contained in the prophesies of creation for effecting the safe infliction of their planned revenge against mankind. As a way of enforcing their mission with full force, Satan decided to undertake the task alone minus engaging his followers. He feared that his followers might suffer extreme damage or run away from him during the battle (Driven, 45). At the onset of the mission, Satan made a return to the earth through the serpent. As a serpent, Satan enticed Eve upon meeting her alone to have a taste of the fruit of the forbidden tree. Adam also with no fate also decided to eat the fruit (McGovern 45). Consequently, the two lost their innocence and, as a result, came to their senses that they are naked. Followed by the urge to protect themselves from shame and despair of such scenario, they became hostile to each other. However, Adam and Eve reconciled with each other despite Gods order to angel Michael to expel them from Paradise. In addition, the angel showed the pair the consequences of disobedience to God due to eating the fruit from the forbidden tree. Adam got saddened upon imagining the consequences of the sin told to him by Angel Michael though he got relieved from

Teenage Drug Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teenage Drug Abuse - Essay Example Exploration and curiosity has been the best explanation for the prevalence. Many health specialists say that drug addiction prevalence is higher among the adolescents and the teens. The teens, just like other people take drugs in order to change their way of perception on things, how they feel and behave. Medical practitioners use psychoactive substances for these purposes. Kofi Annan says in one of his reports that the teens fall into addiction of three kinds of drugs and substances; depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens (Annan 2). Depressant affects or controls the nervous system and thus are sedatives. Stimulants regulate neural activity while the hallucinogens produce mental effects and changes. According to Annan, â€Å"The growing trend in abuse and production of psychotropic substances must be reversed.† (1). The reasons why teens get hooked up into drug and substance abuse are numerous. A number of studies have been done as to the causes of the phenomena and more o r less alike conclusions and findings were made. Unlike more of the past studies, which showed â€Å"having fun,† as the greatest reason for indulgence, more recent studies reveal that teens indulge into the habit in an attempt to solve problems. Stress, low self-esteem or social acceptance, misinformation, self-medication and easy access to drugs easily explain the scenario. A more recent study was done to ascertain the main reason why teens fall into the problem of abusing drugs (Anon 3- 4). In the study, which took 30 months and 923 youth respondents, one respondent had this to say; â€Å"If I don’t do drugs, I feel like am going insane. Because I have all these thoughts and all this pain, in my heart and I cannot get rid of it, you know? Drugs are the only thing that takes it away. That’s why I do drugs. Because it keeps me, not happy, but it keeps me from being so sad that I want to die.† (Anon 4) Proper ways of addressing stress among the teens woul d go a long way to curb the problem (Staff 1). More so, boosting self-esteem and proper information is vital in dealing with the problem of drug abuse among the teens. Staff says that the prevalence of substance and drug abuse is higher among the teens that are never told by their parents about drug abuse than those that are told (Staff 1, Para 7). She therefore concludes, â€Å"The sooner your teen gets help for drug abuse, the more likely they’ll be able to avoid the long-lasting consequences† (Staff 1, Para 8). Different ways have been advanced to curb the alarming rate of indulgence among the teens. As discussed above, corporate social responsibility, in the fight, is inevitable in order to win the battle. Parents, teachers, mentors and guardians have all a common responsibility of ensuring that drug abuse among the teens is controlled. In addition, another group of findings have shown that religious beliefs and religion have in the past played a critical role in t he battle against drug and substance abuse. According to Wallace, Brown, Bachman and La Veist, â€Å"Religious faithful teens are less likely to indulge in drug use as opposed to the non-religious ones,† (10). High rate of drug abuse is noted among the African and white Americans who are not ascribed to religious movements. Therefore, as the research by Wallace, Brown, Bachman and La Veist ascertains, religious affiliation go a long way in the

The Internet And The Democratic Process Essay Example for Free

The Internet And The Democratic Process Essay The Internet has literally revolutionized the way we live, radically changing the way we receive and disseminate information. It has had dramatic effects on business, education, and society in general, but the focus of this paper will be on how the Internet has affected the democratic process of election. In recent years, the way campaigns have been run by candidates has changed dramatically, as they have had to shift a large percentage of their resources and attention to the Internet and its many venues for reaching potential voters. Beyond campaigning, however, the Internet has also affected the way people vote. Just as how the Internet helps consumers decide on product choice, it has also aided political aspirants to market their credentials, and at the same time, help the voters know more about the candidates. During the 1994 mid-term elections, thousands of voters preferred the electronic mail as the vehicle for asking questions from candidates than television appearances which were often dependent on sound bites, and did not comprehensively present the positions of the candidates on important issues. Special interest groups have also joined the campaign by providing online information about candidates such as the League of Women Voters and the California Online Voter Guide (Tapscott, 1999). In 2000, the role of the Internet in politics was elevated to a higher and more serious level when it was used in the democratic presidential primary in Arizona. During this primary, almost half of the voters cast their votes through the Internet (Weare, 2002). They were the first state in our country (and this was 8 years ago now) to implement what is called â€Å"e-voting,† which was intended to simplify the voting process, making it easier for votes to be cast from anywhere where there is an Internet connection. The implications are staggering, as e-voting would result in many votes being cast that previously would not have been, simply because so many people did not take the time to actually make their way to the polls. Apart from increasing participation in the most important democratic process, which is the elections, the Internet may also decrease the cost of political transaction not only on the part of the voters but also on the part of the politicians. Specifically, election campaign through the Internet can prove to be less costly in a state-wide or nation-wide campaign, and even more effective in terms of getting the politician’s message across to the voting public since discussions are open and there are no constraints in providing campaign information through e-mails. True enough, the Internet also allows for more simplified communication between the people and their representatives. According to the Center for Governmental Studies, an organization that researches ways to improve government, â€Å"the Internet can revitalize American democracy by encouraging two-way communications: from candidate to candidate, from voter to candidate, and from voter to voter† (Shane, 2004).   It is also interesting to note that Internet can also be used in generating campaign funds. For instance, Howard Dean became a frontrunner during the 2004 Democratic primaries due to the millions he was able to raise through an e-mail campaign (Wheeler, 2004). Equally important in a meaningful democracy is the freedom of the people to articulate their interests and opinions, that is made possible by the social forums on the Internet that provide places for political discussions and debates. There are literally millions of sites, discussion boards, and forums that are mediated by the people themselves for the purpose of disseminating information and contributing to the discussion of political issues (Saco, 2002). Because there is no guidance or control, like there is with the media, we see a wider range of opinions being expressed. Yes, there is more ignorance, but there is also more opportunity to be heard, and there is less fear that an underlying bias is behind the source of every message. Essentially, the Internet has become a place of extremely open communication where millions of people are now going to get their information about politics and the election process. This â€Å"openness† has become the new driving force behind our democracy, and today’s presidential hopefuls have certainly taken notice of this, using the Internet to their advantage as often as they can. In a YouGov America Survey of 3,500 internet users a week before the 2004 presidential elections, it was noted that â€Å"about 12% of Americans who had internet access sent an e-mail on the elections, voters under the age of 24 trusted online media than the television, and even senior voters actively visited political websites† or weblogs by politicians (Wheeler, 2004). Interestingly, there are many who are more conservative and skeptical about the impact of the Internet on democratic processess. For example, there is supposedly a cultural divide between the people who use the Internet and those who do not, as some can afford it and some cannot. Essentially, it is argued that there is an Internet class, and a non-Internet class of U.S. citizens – so what happens on the Internet is not a true representation of the country’s collective opinions and people (Shane, 2004). However in an advanced economy wherein the Internet becomes a public good, this argument may no longer be tenable. There is also a question about the authenticity of the communication process because we can never be sure if we are dealing with genuine people or with those who are only taking advantage of the anonymity in the Internet. Users should also be cautious about the authenticity of the information that is also found in the Internet, because, being too â€Å"open†, it had also been used to propagate lies, unhealthy propaganda and misinformation. Poll surveys have also become an instant and daily occurrence in the internet which was supposed to â€Å"represent† opinions on certain issues, even though there are not enough checks on the authenticity of the voter. Still, these polls are being used to shape public opinion. Though it is true that the Internet can be easily be subjected to abuse, what is important is that through this media, more political preferences are being articulated by the people and the people have access to the political information that they need it is only up to their political wisdom how to make this technology more beneficial to them. References Saco, D. (2002). Cybering Democracy: Public Space and the Internet. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Shane, P. M. (Ed.). (2004). Democracy Online: The Prospects for Political Renewal through the Internet. New York: Routledge. Tapscott, Don. (1999). The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. The Industrial Age Democracy by the Alliance for Converging Technologies. Accessed at http://www.virtualitaet.de/stadt/internet/indage_bureaucracy on 03/03/2008. Weare, C. (2002). The Internet and Democracy: The Causal Links between Technology and Politics. International Journal of Public Administration, 25(5), 659+. Wheeler, Bryan. (2004, August 12). The Internet and Elections. BBC News Online. Accessed at http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk on 03/03/2008.

Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita - The Shocking Lolita Essay examples -- Nabo

The Shocking Lolita      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vladimir Nabokov wrote Lolita not only to create controversy and shock the public, but also for money and fame. Nabokov wrote Lolita to get attention. This novel engages moral dilemmas that are sensitive to its readers. The sensitive subject matter created such a controversy that it perpetuated sales and made it a bestseller, and he knew that if he wrote a book shocking and personal enough he would become wealthy. The novel speaks as though it were a lived event which adds to the intensity of Humbert's actions and to the shock of the reader. The delivery and depth of his thoughts make one think this is a true story, and the effect can be that the reader finds the action even more appalling.    Simon Karlinsky once declared that the publication of Lolita in America and England signaled the final "collapse of the Victorian moralistic censorship that had persisted in Western countries till the end of the 1950's"(Iannone 54). Alternatively, Nabokov states, "Lolita has no moral in tow. For me a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall bluntly call aesthetic bliss, that is a sense of being somehow, somewhere, connected with other states of being where art (curiosity, tenderness, kindness, ecstacy) is the norm"(314). This statement is taken from the epilogue that he wrote after the novel to state his intentions. The work has no other meaning than to shock the reader. None. Why would Nabokov bother taking the time to write a three hundred page novel just for the sake of "aesthetic bliss"(314)? Although he dismisses it entirely, moral issues arise quickly in this novel. The first moral is that by the age of twelve, one American girl has already been "hop... .... With the new release Nabokov will get more of what he wanted. On the INTERNET if one searches for the key word "Lolita", the reader will find several thousand locations in which the word "Lolita" is synonymous with pornography. Whether or not this is how Nabokov wanted to be remembered, Lolita has its place on the INTERNET. Though we may never know what drove Nabokov to write Lolita, it is still a great novel though immoral.    Works Cited Boyd, Brian. "The Year of Lolita'." The New York Times Book Review 8 Sept. 1991: 1-33. Iannone, Carol. "From Lolita' to Piss Christ'." Commentary Vol. 89, n. 1, Jan. 1990: 52-54. "Lolita and the Critics." New Republic Vol. 139, 27 Oct. 1958: 3. Nabokov, Vladimir. The Annotated Lolita. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Schuman, Samuel. Vladimir Nabokov, a Reference Guide. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1979.   

Leadership in Context

The â€Å"Ah Hal† moment is distributed leadership actually did happened in my past appointment as the Course Commander in the Engineer Training Institute (ET). Being selected in the appointment and the most senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for certain events such as organizing of unit's Chinese New Year event, managing of officer cadets' cohesion activities, and specific training packages, I delegated the planning to my team.Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to emerge as the assume leader to organize and successfully completed the task with minimum supervision. Despite being successful, I had also observed that my instructors' Kim-Yin Chain et al. , Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice, 1st edition (Singapore: Coinage Learning Asia, 2011). Peg 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellies, and Dennis McGuire, â€Å"Milita ry Leadership: A Context Specific Review,† US Army Research, January 1, 2003, http://adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be Implemented quite successfully In certain areas In SAFE. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in three points. Firstly, application of distributed leadership can be applied in military context particularly for a small group who had attained a certain level of military competencies.It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership role, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich potential as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and trusted to reduce their authority and leadership through a shared vision, mission and purpose. The concept will all ow the group to generate greater passion and motivation to reach the desired outcome. Lastly, distributed leadership need to be carefully calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to prevent the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach.By planning forward, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific core competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to influence, decision making, develop people and team, developing the individual for success. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible appointment might be taking over command in one of the battalion of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE).I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to â€Å"Circle† of the SAFE Leadership 417 Frameworks; mission and purpose, operating environment and desired o utcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of core ideology by Jim Collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The unit's mission and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nation's security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I will work to ensure that the unit perform the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in arrangement Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would consider adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing situational requirements.Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors will first allow me to place emphasis in maintaining relevant in fulfilling the â€Å"swift and decisive victory' part of the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the unit's hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A.David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester ; New York: Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational culture is important to the influence of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said † group growth and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, and both are the result of leadership activities and shared experiences†. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to handle any contingency but also being operationally proficient to carry out our security operations on a daily basis.Thus the unit needs to be operationally ready to face the continuous co mplex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved level of technical competence on operating combat engineers' equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be â€Å"a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values†. To meet the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are highly proficient in their tasks and proud of their identity as Comb at Engineer soldiers.A few key factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and competency are: (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition edition (San Francisco: Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who â€Å"walks the talk† will enable his men and commanders to sense and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose.Never â€Å"go through motion† and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values Figure 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE leader will need the four factors provided within the triangul ar block for effective leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic foundation of the triangle.A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work: Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass: Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral strength for influencing their soldiers. 11. The importance of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the consistent inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. Full-Range Leadership – Balancing between Transacti onal and Transformational Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context The next key requirement is leadership styles. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and picking up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 – for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was understood that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a Officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion.Reaching for transformational leadership Tyler will likel y to yield a positive and longer-lasting effects. Leadership, Management and Command Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three distinct concepts but inseparable and intertwined†1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LOCO 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus more on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses? According to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, social and developmental.The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely tight training the end-of-course survey, highlighting areas like our instructors' role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor reported was inflexibility of my leadership style.Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in GAS SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team th inking that a more homogeneous outcome in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I realized this might not be the most effective method to motivate and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by circumstances and the characteristics of followers†17.

The Domestic Violence And The Addictive Behavior - 1802 Words

This essay is to describe my life, as the aspects that are built into my history, present and future are due to the domestic violence and the addictive behavior that occurred in my home as a child. The norms that occur in the life of children were different than the experiences that I held, and further, addictive and abusive behavior is not acceptable under any circumstance. The future is dependent upon the past, and when problematic issues are realized, this assists in resolving such in one owns life. More often than not however, that does not occur. The processes and procedures that now occur assist with this, and help children as well as other victims get through this. Roles of parents The traditional roles that parents play are†¦show more content†¦Addiction to alcohol along with other diseases creates tension and most times leads to other abuse. Counseling and Court Today In domestic violence counseling, and through the courts, this is acknowledged as one, or a combination of these three factors: †¢ Situational Couple Violence (reciprocal violence, some injuries, no consistency of control and fear); †¢ Split-Instigated Violence (1-2 incidents at disunion, no past of violence); †¢ Aggressive Resistance (by a victim to stop the violence, but greater risk of getting hurt). The approach that is provided in current counseling and prosecution is usually a combination of the above, and currently, the examinations are taken more into the psychological perspective than ever before. The remaining effects of domestic violence are studied more than ever and both physical and verbal abuse falls into this classification (Eddy, 2015). Now the technique is considered in a few aspects, first, there is individual family counseling (Eddy, 2015). When this occurs, each person(s) will meet with their own professional counselor for six sessions, this usually takes about six weeks or so; this is a safe haven for victims to discuss the reality of their situation without being blamed for the act (Eddy, 2015). During this process, power is gained and an educational plan is built, to live and form a healthier and safer life. The plan is built to help the victim gain courage and self-steam and to explain to the court what has